This relocation started in 1999 and continued in 2000 from several settlements across Phnom Penh. The land was found and bought by the MPP much earlier, and had been rejected as a relocation site by earlier relocating communties due to its isolation, following which there were MPP plans to scrap relocation plans there and sell the land It is the furthest of the relocation sites, located some 21km from the urban area. The site layout was designed by UNCHS, who financed the construction of latrines, drainage and roads, which 

was executed by community members  under community contract.  Over half the families were assisted by the URC Young Professionals for the design of their houses and benefited from housing loans from UPDF. 52 families received assistance from Canada Fund through USG for housing material. The community benefits from a large public area, a pre-school and, recently a primary school. An informal market also established at the entrance of the settlement. A community centre, a health centre and a proper market are planned but have not yet been developed. Around one third of the people who originally moved to the site have returned to live in Phnom Penh. The community initially met difficulties as people came from many different settlements , each with their own leaders, and supported by different NGOs or CBO federations. This led to situations of disunity and distrust until the community appointed a single mixed committee.

The Toek Loak 14 community was built  on the roads surrounding the Pediatric Hospital. As the Hospital complained that their presence caused environmental degradations inside the ground of the hospital, they were threatened by eviction by the MPP. The community, URC and ACHR collaborated to present land sharing options to the Hospital and the Municipality, involving a reduction in the area of land occupied by the people, upgrading of the housing and the infrastructure and regularization of the settlement.

The land sharing option was rejected by the authorities (the Prime Minister mentioned on the occasion of a ceremony that all the hospital land was needed for hospital expansion). The community visited several sites and selected one site near the Pochentong village, around 5 km from the urban area. The land was bought with support from the organisation World Vision (which funds the Pediatric Hospital) and the MPP. The infrastructure was provided by UNCHS, via the community contracts system,  in the same way as during the Apiwat Mean Chey relocation scheme. UPDF provided housing loans and URC assisted the families to design and construct their house. Several community action planning workshops were organised throughout the process to discuss problems and to plan activities. This relocation scheme used and improved what had been experienced with the Apiwat Mean Chey project in terms of community process . The community, for example, actively participated in designing the layout of the new settlement). Technical design options (toilets, housing, drainage, etc) were also improved upon at the site. Nowadays the Kork Kleang 1 settlement accesses water and electricity supply from the private sector, although water supply remains unsatisfactory as it is rationed and expensive. This situation is expected to be remedied in the near future as the Water Supply Authority plans to extend the municipal supply to the area. Drainage and road works are scheduled to commence soon, and will be executed by the community under community contract. Social and economic infrastructure, including a pre-school, health centre, community centre and a market have been planned but are not yet built..

This site located near Kork Kleang 1, was selected by the District Authorities for the relocation of 99 families evicted  from the old Tuol Kork market and the Boeung Salang drainage canal. The people moved on the land in August 2000. At the beginning, the project was solely managed by the district authorities who provided land and cash compensations for resettlers from Tuol Kork (at US$600 per family), filled the land and laid out the plots. Eventually, the community requested assistance from international and local organizations.

ANS installed communal toilets, SUPF and URC facilitated the installation of water supply with Kork Kleang 1 community, helped the community elect a new committee, UPDF organized housing loans , and UNCHS  provided individual toilets. The community learned a lot from the experience of neighboring Kork Kleang 1 and skill exchanges were very important. Nowadays, the site benefits from individual pit latrines, water and electricity connections from the private sector. The water supply (which comes from the same main supply as for Kork Kleang 1) is however now suspended because of irregular payments. The site is also affected by flooding during the rainy season and lacks an adequate drainage system. It also lacks basic social services.

This relocation site, located 11km from the urban area was developed to accommodate people from mainly two communities (Tum Nup 2A and Kbal Tum Nup) from along the Bassac dyke,  where the Municipality was planning a road and river-front promenade. Before the relocation, a working group was created comprising members of the community committees, NGOs involved in the relocation (ANS, URC, CVCD, USG), UNCHS, UPDF, SAWAC (engineering consultants) and Municipality officials. This working group met every month from August 2000 to discuss relocation issues, 

and particularly to plan and  coordinate actions. The relocation, which was originally planned by the MPP to occur before the Water Festival (early November 2000) was delayed to the end of December in order to complete the land filling to acceptable standards, and organise the drilling of wells and construction of the first stage of individual latrines. In early November, a community action planning workshop took place with the participation of around 150 community members where relocation issues were discussed. Contrary to engineering advice during the planning stage, it was found that there is no water in sufficient quantity or quality available underground at the site. The issue of water supply is still unresolved at this stage and people use mostly water from nearby ponds or water brought by the MPP in trucks. This relocation was the largest at the time and was conducted rapidly. The community complained that they did not have enough time to organise themselves. Many pit latrines that were constructed during the rainy season collapsed at times. The site still lacks secure water supply, as well as a drainage and road system. A primary school was built on the site. No other social facilities, including market have been developed as planned.

This site, located 12 km from the urban area, was developed in May-June 2001 after a fire destroyed the homes of over 600 families who used to live in Bandos Vichea, a settlement located in front of the "Building Grey" along Sothearos Bld. The people were immediately brought to the un-developed land. More people soon followed from the near-by Dey Krohom community on the Russian embassy side who were asked to move. The families victims of the fire were donated building material to start building their house. 

Toilet construction was organised in stage. However, during the rainy season, the site was flooded as water poured from the surrounding fields. Those people who hadn't been able to afford to fill the land of their plot saw their house flooded – as the design, constrained by the type and dimension of materials that were provided, did not allow to build houses elevated above flood level. Waste matters mixed with water and people reported health problems (especially diarrhoea and headache).

During the last rainy season, it was estimated that around 70% of the people had moved back to live in the city as living conditions on the site were very difficult. Many came back when the water receded, and nowadays around 75% of the original residents are still living there. In many cases however, the main income earner has to find accommodation in the city during the week to reduce transportation costs. The construction of latrines is progressing on the site. A privately run water supply system is in place.

A vocational training centre has been built but is not operating yet. A market is being constructed. There are difficulties with organising an effective community committee on the site: different leaders and committees – some of them from the old sites, organised by different CBOs and NGOs, and some of them newly appointed according to newly created community boundaries- co-exist on the site and do not appear to work together.

SAMAKI 5: relocation of communities affected by the rehabilitation of Kob Sreou dyke (ADB project)

This ADB funded project involved the rehabilitation of the Kob Sreou dyke for protection of the north-western parts of Phnom Penh against flooding during the rainy season, implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM). The dyke is also used as a road linking National Road No 5 with National Road No 4. The project directly affected around 500 households, although only  320 households lost all their land and were relocated in July 2001 to two relocation sites (one of 4ha located less than 1km away from the original settlement, and the other  

one of 2ha located 2-3km away) in the same commune in 2001. The Municipality of Phnom Penh was the implementing agency for the resettlement, with a budget of US$300 per relocated household from MOWRAM to implement the site development works. The sites were equipped with latrines, water supply, roads, electricity and there are plans for a community centre and a health centre on the largest of the sites. It was reported that on the smallest and most isolated site, no underground water was found, access was not adequate, and people experienced more hardships. As a result around half the families that were meant to relocate there are claiming that they want to relocated on the largest better serviced site. A review of resettlement practices commented that a draft resettlement plan was prepared which was immediately implemented without the Bank's approval. The review criticised the fact that no planning was made to restore the livelihoods of the affected families.

This site, located around 15km from the urban area, was previously used by the Ministry of Agriculture as an agricultural experiment station. In June 2001, on the occasion of the inauguration ceremony at Samaki 1,2,3, the Prime Minister announced that the government would donate this land to the Municipality for the relocation of squatter communities. After visiting the site however, the Urban Poverty Reduction Project commented during the workshop on relocation 

guidelines that the conditions, particularly in terms of access to employment and social services, were not appropriate, due to the site's isolation and great distance to main roads and to Phnom Penh. It was recommended that the use of this site for relocation be delayed for a few years, until a comprehensive development of the site and the surrounding area could be planned. At the end of November 2001, two fires swept through the informal settlements of Bassac and Chbar Ampeou, located on each side of the Bassac river, destroying the homes of over 3,000 families. NGOs and international agencies tried to convince to Municipality to delay relocation so as to  provide assistance to the victims on-site. This would minimise economic, social and psychological disruptions for communities who had lost most of their belongings in the flames, and allow time to prepare for resettlement in a planned and coordinated way, with the participation of communities. However, despite these arguments and the recommendations cited above regarding the Anlong Kngan site, most fire victims were forcefully relocated to  this site (and Anlong Korng) within 10 days. The Anlong Kgan site was reserved only for residents who were fire victims, while renters were relocated to Anlong Korng (discussed in 3.1.3 I) There are now around 3,500 families living on the Anlong Kgan site, amongst which 2,600 to 2,900 have already been allotted plots. The Municipality had to give away 60 ha of land (out of over 150ha) to neighbouring villagers who claimed that the land belonged to them before the Ministry of Agriculture took possession of it. Temporary toilets (1 for 10 families) are now being constructed on the site, funded by UNCHS. A market is being built and private entrepreneurs have drilled wells and are selling water to many families. The housing situation is still very precarious for most people. There are fears that the site will be flooded during the rainy season, but no topographic survey is available yet. A temporary school has been organized in the old ministry warehouses. Around 100 families who claim that they lost family documents in the fire, complain that they have not received a plot although they were victims of the fire. Around 19% of the plots that have been allocated so far are not occupied at all (World Relief Survey 6/02/2002). In the plots that are occupied, income earners are often forced to stay overnight in Phnom Penh.

This site located 8 km from the urban area, accommodates around 452 families (including 20 families with no plot) that used to rent houses in the Bassac settlement and were victims of the November fires. These families were amongst the poorest in the community. A lot of them were brought to the site in trucks at night, from the Bassac theatre where they had taken shelter after the fire. Temporary toilets (1 for 10 families) have been built with funding support from UNCHS and ten others were provided by the NGO CSI. Six wells were drilled with support from CSI.

This site located near the Kop Sreou dyke, 9km from the urban area, close to National Road No 5 currently accommodates around 60 families from along Road 271 and the Northbridge access road. It is planned that 147 families will eventually live on the site. Connections to water supply and electricity have been provided by private suppliers and a road built to give direct access to National Road No 5. The UNCHS is building temporary community pit latrines on the site. 

The land was given by Monrethy Company, who was contracted for the upgrading works on Road 271, to relocate people affected by the project. However most of the Rd 271 resettlers refused to relocate to the site, due to it’s distance and isolation and have instead mobilised their own savings and leveraged other funds to buy alternative land close to near Kork Kleang (see 3.3.3 l below). The lack of sanitation remain a problem on the site, as well as fear of flooding during the rainy season as the site is lower than the surrounding area.

This site located near Samaki 1,2,3,4, 14km to the edge of the city, has been occupied since the end of November 2001 by 133 families relocated from settlements along Rd 230. 30 temporary pit latrines were provided by UNCHS on the site. People mostly use water from the pond. The site is located on high land and according to reports is not prone to heavy flooding during the rainy season. People in the community reported that poor quality water supply a big problem at the moment which is affecting people’s health.

In March 2002, a fire devastated the rooftop settlement of Bloc Tanpa in the centre of the city, leaving 297 families without a home. The families were allowed to stay along the surrounding streets under temporary shelters while a suitable solution for relocation was found. The community rejected the first offer by the Municipality to relocate to a piece of land more than 15km from the city. Instead they identified a piece of land near the land bought by the people from Rd 271 (see (l) above). The Municipality finally agreed to purchase the land. The site layout is currently under discussion.

This resettlement was initiated in 1997 when ACHR, SUPF and UNCHS met with Municipality of Phnom Penh to discuss the possibility of a resettlement process for a roadside community (Toul Svay Prey) under threat of eviction for development of a municipal drainage project near the Chinese embassy. An agreement was signed between all concerned parties in a ceremony at the MPP in November 1997.  MPP agreed to buy the land and issue individual land titles to the residents after an agreed period of 5 years, UNCHS agreed to provide land filling and basic